Recent geopolitical tensions surrounding the Israeli-US conflict with Iran have sent shockwaves through global energy markets, forcing Indian refiners to pivot away from their traditional reliance on Middle Eastern crude. With shipping lanes through the critical Strait of Hormuz hampered by the ongoing unrest, India—the world’s third-largest oil consumer—has significantly ramped up imports from alternative regions. Throughout April and May, trade data indicates a strategic shift toward suppliers in Latin America and Africa, particularly Venezuela, Brazil, Angola, and Nigeria, as the nation looks to maintain energy security while navigating the logistical challenges of the waterway.

While Russia continues to hold its position as India’s primary crude source, its market share saw a notable dip as domestic refinery maintenance programs led to reduced intake. To fill the supply gap, India has effectively leveraged its relationships with Gulf producers like the UAE and Saudi Arabia, both of which operate pipelines that bypass the volatile Strait of Hormuz. Furthermore, the changing landscape saw a temporary return of Iranian oil following a US-granted waiver, even as Iraq exports faced disruptions. By diversifying its supplier base and balancing its dependence on Russian oil against increased arrivals from the Atlantic basin, New Delhi is actively working to stabilize its energy imports despite the mounting pressures of regional maritime conflict.